Social Studies Treaty Assessment :)

Introduction 

In 1830 there were Maoris killing Maoris with muskets, people drinking and doing drugs, prostitution and fighting, and this needed to be stopped.. With what? A treaty. 

Paragraph One (Lawyer)

In 1830 there were around 100,000 Maori's compared to approximately 200 Europeans, of the 200 pakeha many of them were whalers. The Europeans would stop in Russell, drink huge amounts of alcohol when the came to shore, leading to rising rates of prostitution, fighting, diseases. This lead to Russell earing the name hellhole of the pacific. Without a treaty being put in place issues like this could've arises again and causing even more problems than necessary. 

Paragraph Two (Lawyer)

Another reason that a treaty was needed was to protect Māori rights. One group that felt strongly about this was the missionaries. Missionaries protected the maoris rights as best as they could and went through great lengths to make sure the maoris were treated with respect. You are able to see they tried their hardest to help the maoris because after concerns about large land sales having an impact on the maoris they purchased land for them in order to make sure they still kept a quantity of land. The missionaries were greatly worried about some of the foreigners behaviors to the land and people of New Zealand. The missionaries concerns greatly impacted the maoris decision to sign the treaty. 

Paragraph Three (Hammer)

Another reason that a treaty was needed was the Musket Wars.  Between 1807-1842 over 20,000 Maoris were killed due to musket wars. Before muskets were introduced to NZ they used homemade weapons such a taiaha and a mere. Some maori would be defenseless and vulnerable without muskets, and to get them they would have to trade their crops,food and women. It was a guessing game for the maoris, not knowing when another tribe (with muskets was going to attack). As more tribes got muskets, more musket wars followed, either for revenge or self defense for land. The introduction of the muskets had changed New Zealand forever, the populations have shifted over the years. Having the treaty has prevented musket wars from becoming a threat to everyone. Laws are now in place for guns and wars.

Paragraph Four (The Slam Dunk)

The declaration of independence was needed to basically protect and help New Zealand grow as a country, they agreed to trade and be friends with the British because their past encounters with the french have been a little uneasy.. Or in other words..stabby, They had written to the British king and asked for protection from all the other countries trying to take over new Zealand. The declaration and the New Zealand flag ( the first one ) basically made it easier for maori to declare their land.

Conclusion (Robust Conclusion)

In conclusion, a treaty was needed because to resolve all of the issues that New Zealand. Without a treaty issues like the musket wars would’ve kept happening. People would of kept dying and today in New Zealand as we know it will not be the same. The treaty is important to today's history 

forces

introduction to forces

a force is a push or pull and is measured in newtons (N), named after Sir Isaac Newton. Forces are measured using a newton meter and have both a size and a direction.
You cannot see a force but often you can see what it does. Forces can make things movie, speed up or make already moving objects slow down. Change the direction they are moving in, and change the shape of things



balanced and unbalanced forces

Balanced forces are forces that act on an object but cancel each other out because they are the same size and are acting in opposite directions. This means that there will be no net force on the object.  If there are forces acting on an object that is acting in the opposite direction and are different sized they are said to be unbalanced.


friction

 Friction is a force that occurs when two materials rub together. Friction always acts to oppose ( prevent or stop ) the movement of an object. Drag is another name for the friction that occurs when an object moves through a fluid, such as air or water. The effects of friction can be reduced if the surfaces of the two materials are lubricated, ( with water, etc). Friction can be increased by making one or more of the surfaces rougher or by pressing them together more strongly


calculating speed

 Speed is a measure of how far an object can travel in a certain amount of time. We often use kilometers
per hour in everyday life, However. scientists generally use meters per second as it is a more accurate measure of speed. To calculate speed, we need to know two variables - distance traveled and time is taken to travel the distance.

geology

plate tectonics

plate tectonics ('tectonics' means 'building') is the name of the scientific theory that states that the crust is made up of 12 major plates and that these plates are moving at different speeds and directions. Their movements cause earthquakes and volcanism. The places where two plates meet is called a plate boundary. Earthquakes and volcanoes are most likely to occur either on or near plate boundaries.


inside the earth

The earth is made up of four district layers, the outer most layer of the earth is called the crust, in geology, the crust is the outer most solid shell of a rocky planet, dwarf planet or natural satellite. It is usually distinguished from the underlying mantle by its chemical makeup.
The crust is the thinnest layer between 0-60km thick. The crust is the solid rock layer upon which we live, there are two different types of crust: continental crust, which carries land, and oceanic crust, which carries water. continental crust is thicker than oceanic crust.


power to move plates

Tectonic plates are floating on a layer of molten (liquid) rock - the mantle. The mantle near the core is much hotter than the mantle near the crust. The temperature difference sets up convection currents and causes the movement of the tectonic plates.


plate boundaries

Divergent boundary: divergent boundaries occur when two plates pull apart, new crust is created as the plates pull away from each other when a diverging boundary occurs on land a rift separating over time, and the mass of land will break into smaller parts.

convergent boundary: convergent boundaries occur when two plates come together when oceanic crust collides with continental crust, the denser oceanic crust is destroyed and recycled back into the interior of the earth when two continental crusts collide neither plate may subduct and mountains may form as both plates are pushed together

transform plate: Transform boundaries occur
when two plates slide past each other. Most transform faults are found in the oceans. However, a few of them occur on land.

medical

Skeleton

The skeleton is the body part that forms the supporting structure of an organism. It can also be seen as the bony frame of the body which provides support, shape and protection and protection to the soft tissues and delicate organs.

Your skeleton has 206 bones, However, when you were a child you had as many as 350 as some of the bones fuse together as you grow, more than half of your 206 bones are found in your hands and feet. The largest bone in your body is your femur (thigh bone). The femur is connected to the tibia and fibula ( shin bones ) and the pelvis. Your humerus or as some people say your funny bone. is connected to the radius and the ulna ( forearm bones ). Your shoulder blade is called the scapula. and your collar bone is known as the clavicle. Your ribs are joined to your sternum ( breast bone ). The bones in your fingers and toes are called phalanges. Your head contains two major bones. The cranium ( skull ) and the mandible ( jaw ). The smallest bones of the human body are found in your ear - the hammer, anvil, and stirrup.


x-rays

X-rays are used to produce images of bones to check for damage, such as fractures. X-rays mostly pass through the skin and soft tissue, but they do not easily pass through bone.


Muscle

Muscle works by making themselves shorter, We say they contract, and the process is called contraction.
Muscles are attached to bone by strong tendons. When muscle contracts, it pulls on the bone, and the bone can movie if its part of a joint.

An example of antagonistic muscles: The elbow joint lets out the forearm move up or down. It is controlled by two muscles, the bicep and the front of the upper arm, and the triceps on the back of the upper arm. The biceps and the triceps are antagonistic muscles.


Joints

If two bones move against each other, they would eventually wear away. This can happen in people who have a disease called arthritis. To stop this happening, the ends of the bones in a joint are covered with a tough,
a smooth substance called cartilage.
Cartilafe reduces friction and acts as a shock absorber. It is kept slipper and lubricated by synovial fluids produced by the synovial membrane.
Tough ligaments join the two bones around the joints and stop it from coming apart.

metals

Alloys
An Alloy is a mixture of two or more elements, which means one or multiple has to be a metal.
Alloys often have properties that are different from the metal they contain. this makes them more useful than the metals alone. For example, steel is an alloy of iron and carbon. it's used to make many things.. such as cars, ships, and even bridges. Steel is stronger and flexible and harder than iron and doesn't corrode (rust) as quickly. Back to Alloys, so combining the metallic elements such as gold and copper, produces red gold, gold and silver become white gold and silver combined with copper produces sterling silver.
Recent advances in technology have created a new range of alloys called smart alloys, smart alloys have unusual properties. nitinol is an alloy of nickel and titanium and is also known as a shape memory alloy. If nitinol is bent out of shape, it returns to its original shape when its either heated or an electric current is passed through it.


Metal Carbonates and acid

When a metal carbonate reacts with some sort of an acid, it will form a salt... Carbon dioxide and water. Carbon dioxide is a gas and can be seen as bubbles as the reaction proceeds.


Corrosion

When metals are exposed to the environment they can deteriorate, or break down. Scientists call this process corrosion. Rust is the term used to describe the corrosion of iron. Iron is a somewhat cheap metal so it is widely used in the industry. Scientists have had to develop a way of protecting the iron from rusting.




Chemical equations: metal + acid

When a metal reacts with an acid, a metal salt and hydrogen gas are produced. The type of sale produced depends on the type of metal and the type of acid used.

ACID                                      SALT FORMED

sulfuric acid                              sulfate

hydrochloric acid                      chloride

nitric acid                                  nitrate

genetics

Asexual reproduction

When it comes to asexual reproduction, it only really needs one parent. Why? Because it takes less time to find a mate and they don't have to go through the pregnant stage. Asexual offspring are identical to the parent, like little clones running all over the place, and because they don't have to worry about creating different genes for individuality, that means the chance to make many of that species.

sexual reproduction

different from asexual reproduction, sexual reproduction requires two parents. the offspring are similar  but not identical, the offspring is normally a combination of both of their parent's personalities/characteristics, this also means that a few of the offsprings may be better suited  to survive in their habitat.. and going into more depth about it means that the species can become more successful over time. the benefits of producing an offspring are the variation of the costs of finding a mate, breeding and producing the offspring.

the term ' species' is used by scientists to express organisms of the same type, one of the reasons for all species is to survive and reproduce, passing on their characteristics from one generation to the next.

now we are going to talk about cells, chromosomes, and DNA

first of all, DNA stands for ( deoxyribonucleic acid ).
People for generations have been asking and questioning, why do offsprings not look exactly like there parents but look similar?
 well...
all organisms are made of cells, an adult had 50 trillion to even 100 trillion of them..crazy I know.. all human cells contain a nucleus ( except red blood cells ). The nucleus is also known as the 'control centre' it contains the instructions that tell the cell how to function, Humans have 46 chromosomes in every cell in their body,  23 of these chromosomes were inherited by your dad and 23 were inherited by your mother. Chromosomes are made of a molecule called deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), a section of DNA that contains instructions for a particular feature, for example, your hair colour is a gene as well as your eye colour and your height.

In 1962, Nobel prize for medicine was awarded to Francis Crick, James Watson and Maurice Wilkins for the discovery of the structure of DNA, He obtained PhD in 1940 from Birmingham University.